The
Grammar tells us the rules of a language and it also describes that how to
write a sentence a paragraph or a story.
In
simple words we can say that Grammar is the best art of writing and reading speaking
and understanding any language of the world.
گرامر
هڪ اهڙو لفظ آهي جيڪو اسان کي ڪنهن ٻولي جي قاعدن جي باري ۾ ٻڏائيندو آهي ۽ اهو پڻ
ٻڌائيندو آهي ته ڪو جملو فقرو يا ڪابه ڪهاڻي ڪيئن لکبي آهي. تنهن کي اسين گرامر
چئون ٿا.
LETTER
Each
sign of alphabet is called letter.
LANGUAGE
Language is the method through which we express our
thoughts to other and feeling to other people.
ٻولي
ٻولي
هڪ اهڙو طريقو آهي جنهن جي وسيلي اسين پنهنجي خيالن جو اظهار ڪري سگهون ٿا.
ALPHABET
Alphabet is an ordered set of letters or symbols which is
used to represents the basic speech sound of Language.
الفابيٽ
الفابيت
هڪ با ترتيب اکرن يا نشانين جو سيٽ آهي جيڪا ٻوليءَ جي بنيادي آوازن کي ظاهر ڪرڻ
لاءِاستعمال ٿئي ٿي.
WORD
A group of letters which gives us some meaning is called
word.
لفظ
اکرن
جو اهڙو ميڙ جنهن مان مڪمل معنيٰ ملي تنهن کي لفظ چئجي ٿو.
SENTENCE
The
group of words which gives complete meaning that is called Sentence.
جملو
لفظن جو اهڙو ميڙ جنهن مان مڪمل معنيٰ ملي تنهن کي جملو چئبو آهي.
NOTE: There are five kinds of sentence.
1.
Assertive Sentence بياني جملو
2.
Interrogative Sentence
سوالي جملو
3.
Imperative Sentence امري
جملو
4.
Exclamatory Sentence تعجب
ڏيکاريندڙجملو
Assertive Sentence: A sentence
that makes a statement or assertion.
Interrogative Sentence: A
sentence that ask Question.
Imperative Sentence: A
sentence that expresses a command or entreaty or request.
Exclamatory Sentence: A
sentence that Express a strong feelings.
PHRASE
A group of a words which shows in incomplete meaning
As: at the door.
On the
table.
In the hand.
In the home.
PARTS
OF SPEECH
The word that we use in the sentence has got the
different kinds of meaning and each word of the sentence does a particular job.
According to English Grammar there eight parts of speech.
ڳالهائڻ جا لفظ
اسان جملن ۾ جيڪي لفظ استعمال ڪندا آهيون انهن کي مختلف قسمن جي معنيٰ هوندي
آهي ۽ هر لفظ هڪ خاص ڪم ڪندو آهي.
انگريزي گرامر مطابق ڳالهائڻ جا اٺ لفظ آهن.
THE
NAMES OF PARTS OF SPEECH
1.
NOUN اسم
2.
PRONOUN
ضمير
3.
ADJECTIVE صفت
4.
VERBفعل
5.
ADVERBظرف
6.
PREPOSITIONحرف جر
7.
CONJUNCTIONحرف جملو
8.
INTERJECTIONحرف ندا
NOUN
Actually the word Noun has
been taken from the word Nomen of latin language which a name and a and a noun
is such word which only and only used for names of person, place, animals and
any thing.
OR
Noun is the naming word.
Example:
Yasir, Faheem, Rabia, Nida, park, school, Rose, flower, lion, horse etc.
اسم
اصل ۾ لفظ نائون لاطيني ٻولي جي لفظ نومين مان ورتو ويو آهي جنهن جو مطلب آهي
نالو، اسم اهو لفظ آهي جيڪو صرف ۽ صرف جيڪو ماڻهن، جڳهن، جانورن ۽ ڪنهن به شيءِ جي
نالن لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي.
NOTE: A
Noun also used for the names of action qualities and state of a person.
نوٽ: اسم ڪنهن ماڻهون جي عمل يا ڪم، خاصيت ۽ حالت کي پڻ بيان ڪندو آهي.
Example:
formation, construction, beauty, goodness, poverty, child hood etc.
KINDS
OF NOUN
THERE ARE FIVE KINDS OF NOUN
1.
COMMON NOUN:اسم عام
2.
PROPER NOUN:اسم خاص
3.
COLLECTIVE NOUN:اسم جمع
4.
MATERIAL NOUN:اسم جنس
5. ABSTRACT NOUN: اسم ذات
COMMON
NOUN
The name of general names of persons, places, animals
or things.
اسم عام
ڪنهن ماڻهون، جاءِ، جانور يا شيءِ جي
عام نالي کي اسم عام چئجي ٿو.
Example:
child, man, boy, school, street, dog, cat, pen, book etc.
NOTE: Remember for showing a
common noun in a sentence the indefinite article (a) (an) placed before the
name of a general person, place, animal or thing.
نوٽ: ياد رکو ته اسم عام کي ظاهر ڪرڻ لاءِجملي ۾ آرٽيڪل (a) يا(na) کي ڪنهن به
نالي کان پهريان رکيو ويندو آهي.
ROPER
NOUN
A proper Noun tells us the name of a particular
person, place animal or thing.
اسم خاص
ماڻهون، جاءِ، جانور يا ڪنهن شيءِ جي مخصوص نالي کي اسم خاص چئجي ٿو.
Example:
Yasir, Zaman, Sunita, Zuhra, Noor Public School, Islamia Public School, Piano
Pen, Philips T.V, African Lion, Indian Elephant etc.
COLLECTIVE
NOUN
Such a collection or number of
some person, things
taken together and spoken of as whole that is called collective Noun.
اسم جمع: ماڻهن يا شين جو هڪ اهڙو مجموعو يا تعداد جيڪو هڪ کان وڌيڪ هجي ۽ ان
جو نالو مجموعي طور تي واحدهڪ هجي تنهن کي اسم جمع چئبو آهي.
Example: team,
flock, class, board, group, party etc.
MATERIAL
NOUN
Such things which are solid or
liquid of which other things are made is called a material Noun.
OR
Such a matter or substance of which
other things are made is called Material Noun.
اسم جنس
اهڙيون شيون جيڪي، سخت يا پاڻياٺ هجن ۽ جن مان ڪي ٻيون شيون ٺهن ان کي اسم جنس
چئبو آهي.
يا
ڪو به اهڙو مادو جنهن مان ڪي ٻيون شيون ٺاهيون وڃن ان کي اسم جنس چيو ويندو
آهي.
Gold سون
Wood ڪاٺ
Water پاڻي
Iron
لوهه
Steel
فولاد
Cotton
ڪپهه
Wool
اَنُ
Rice چانور
Wheat
ڪڻڪ
ABSTRACT
NOUN
An
Abstract noun is the name of an action a quality or a state.
اسم ذات
اسم
ذات نالو آهي ڪنهن ڪم ، خاصيت يا ڪنهن حالت جو.
NOTE: We can’t touch or see the abstract Noun.
نوٽ:
اسان اسم ذات کي ڇوهي يا ڏسي نه سگهندا آهيون.
Example:
ACTION ڪم يا عمل
Advice صلاح
Love
پيار
Theft
چوري
Judgment فيصلو Laugh کل
QUALITY خاصيت
Truth
ڇوهڻ
Bravery بهادري
Softness نرمي
Wisdom عقل
Honesty ايمانداري
Goodness نيڪي
STATE حالت
Happiness خوشي
Kingdomبادشاهي
Beggaryفقيري
Povertyغربت
Childhood
ننڍ پڻ
Slavery غلامي
PRONUN
Such word which we use instead of a noun in the sentence
is called a Pronoun.
OR
Pronoun is a word which is used to instead of noun is
called Pronoun.
ضمير
اهڙو
لفظ جيڪو اسين جملي ۾ اسم جي بدران ڪم آڻيون ٿا ان کي ضمير چئجي ٿو.
Example: I, We, You, They, He, She,
It.
KINDS
OF PRONOUN
THERE ARE EIGHT PARTS OF PRONOUN.
1. PERSONAL PRNOUN ضمير
خالص
2. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN ضمير استهفام
3. INDEFINITE
PRONOUN
ضمير مبهم
4. DEMONSTRATIVE PRNOUN ضمير اشارو 5. RELATIVE
PRONOUN ضمير موصول
6. REFLEXIVE PRONOUN ضمير
مشترڪ
7. DISTRIBUTIVE
PRONOUN ضمير تقسيم
8. RESIPROCAL PRONOUN ضمير مبادله
PERSONAL
PRONOUN
That Pronoun which stands for person is called Personal
Pronoun.
Example: I, We, You, They, He, She,
It.
ضمير خالص
اهڙي
قسم جو ضمير آهي، جيڪواڪثر ڪري اسم خاص ماڻهو جي نالي جي بدران ڪم اچي ان کي ضمير
خالص چئبو آهي.
نوٽ: ضمير
خالص کي ٽن حصن ۾ ورهايو ويو آهي.
THERE ARE THREE KINDS OF PRONOUN
1. FIRST
PERSON PRONOUN ضمير متڪلم
2. SECOND
PERSON PRONOUN ضمير
حاضر
3. THIRD PERSON PRONPOUN ضمير غائب
FIRST
PERSONAL PRONOUN
The person speaking that pronoun which stands for person.
ضمير متڪلم
لفظ متڪلم جي
اصل معنيٰ آهي ڳالهائيندڙ هاڻي جيڪڏهن ڪوبه ماڻهو يا ميڙ جي صورت ۾ ڳالهائيندو آهي
ته ان کي ضمير متڪلم چيو ويندو آهي، ضمير متڪم ٻه آهن.
I, We
نوٽ:
جيڪڏهن ڪوبه ماڻهو پنهنجي باري ۾ ڳالهائيندو ته هو هن ريت ڳالهائيندو آهي.
I am a
doctor and I live at Ghotki.
نوٽ: مٿين
هڪ جملي ۾ ڏٺو ته هڪ ماڻهوءَ پنهنجو تعارف ڪرائڻ وقت ضمير متڪلم
يعني (I) جو ٻه دفعااستعمال ڪيو آهي.
ضمير
متڪلم: (We)
(We) ان وقت استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي.جڏهن ڪجهه
ماڻهو گڏجي ڳالهائيندا آهنيا انهن جو ڪم ڪوبه هڪ ماڻهو بطور سربراهه مقبر يا وڏو
ٿي ڪري ڳالهائيندو آهي.
Example: We want to say you some thing
مٿين
جملي ۾ لفظ (We) ضمير متڪلم آهي.
SECOND
PERSON PRONOUN
The person spoken to those pronouns which stand for person.
You
and You
1.
Singular You
2. Plural You
ضمير متڪلم (you) واحد توڙي جمع ٻنهي
فردن لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي، ۽ اهو تڏهن استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي جڏهن ڪو ماڻهو
اسان جي سامهون حاضر يا موجود هوندو آهي.
Example: You
are guilty. Singular
You are poor men. Plural
THIRD
PERSON PRONOUN
The
person spoken off those pronouns which stand for person.
ضمير غائب هي آهن:
He Singular
She Singular
It Singular
They Plural
Example: He
went to meet her but she could not meet him.
نوٽ: مٿين جملي ۾ (She) ۽ (He)
ٻئي ضمير غائب آهن ڇاڪاڻ ته اهي موجود نه
آهن پر انهن جي باري ۾ ڳالهايو ويو آهي.
Example: It
was a stormy night.
ضمير متڪلم
آهي ۽ اهو اڪثر ڪري جاندار شين
لاءِ استعمال ڪيو(It
singular (
ويندو آهي يا وري ڪڏهن ڪڏهن بطور تعارفي
فاعل جي استعمال پڻ ٿيندو آهي.
Example: They
They are coming
her today.
They are my
mate in the hostel.
CASES
OF PRONOUN
Subjective Case Possessive Case Objective
Case
1st Person Pronoun
I, my, mine me
We, our,
ours us
2nd Person Pronoun
You your,
yours you
You your, yours you
3rd person pronoun
He his, his him
She her,
hers her
It it,
its it
They their,
theirs them
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN
Those Pronouns which are used to ask a Question is called
Interrogative Pronoun.
ضمير استفهام
اسان
جڏهن به ڪنهن ماڻهوءَ يا شيءِ جي باري ۾ ڪجهه معلوم ڪرڻ چاهيندا آهيون ته اسان ان
جي باري ۾ سوال پڇندا آهيون۽ جيڪو سوال پڇڻ جي ڪم اچي ان کي ضمير استفهام چئبو آهي.
Example: What, Who, Which, Whose, Whom etc.
INDEFINITE
PRONOUN
Such a words which are used instead of unknown nouns are
called Indefinite Pronoun. And some times those Pronouns can be singular and
some times they can be plural in number.
ضمير مبهم
اهڙا
لفظ جيڪي ڪنهن لڪيل يا اڻڃاڻو اسمن جي بدران استعمال ٿيندا آهن، تن کي ضمير مبهم
چئبو آهي. ۽ اهي ضمير ڪڏهن واحد به ٿي سگهن ٿا يا ڪڏهن ڪڏهن جمع به ٿي سگهن ٿا.
Example:
(Some) some people told us ass the story.
(Some body) Some body hates
you a lot.
(Some one) Some one likes you
very much.
(One) One should obey his
parents.
(No body) No body is safe
here.
(No one) No one can dare to
abuse you.
(All) All the girls were
senseless.
(Anybody) Any body can de
(Many)
Many girl and boys were busy in writing.
DEMONSTRATVE
PRONOUN
The Demonstrative Pronouns are those which are mostly used
to point out persons places things or animals.
ضمير اشارو: اِهو اُهو ضمير آهي جيڪو اڪثر ڪري
ماڻهن، جڳهن،شين يا جانورن ڏانهن آسارو ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي.
Example:
This singular
These singular
That singular
Those singular
RELATIVE
PRONOUN
Such words which refer to a noun or pronoun going before
them and conjoin the first sentence to an other sentence are called Relative
Pronoun.
ضمير موصول
اهڙا
لفظ جيڪي پاڻ کان اڳ ايندڙ اسم يا ضمير ڏانهن اشارو ڪن يا ٻڌائين ۽ پهرين جملي کي
ٻئي سان ملائن تن کي ضمير موصول چئجي ٿو.
Example:
Who
Whose
Whom
Which
That
NOTE: Who, Whose and whom are usually used for
person and animal.
اڪثر ڪري ماڻهن ۽ جانورن لاءِ
استعمال ٿيندو آهي(Who,
Whose and Whom)نوٽ:
Example: FOR PERSON:
1.
Ali is the boy who respects the elders.
2.
He is the man whom I asked about you.
FOR ANIMALS:
1.
That is the dog who always runs after me.
2.
This is my cat whom I call picky.
NOTE:
Which is such Relative Pronoun which is usually used for animals, birds and the
things without life.
اهڙو ضمير موصول
آهي جيڪو اڪثر ڪري جانورن، پکين يا بي جان Which نوٽ :
شين لاءِ
استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي.
Example: This is parrot which sings
the sweet songs.
This is the dog which guards
our home.
This is the golden ring which I
have bought for you.
NOTE: The Relative Pronoun that can also for
person animals or things.
ضمير موصول
ماڻهن جانورن ۽ شين لاءِ پڻ استعمال ڪري سگهبو آهي.Thatنوٽ:
Example:
1.
This is the girl that is very much intelligent.
2.
This is a dog that is rabid.
3.
I saw the book that the teacher taught us today.
COMPOUND
RELATIVE PRONOUN
The following are the compound
Relative Pronoun.
Whoso جيڪا به- جيڪو به
Whose ever
جو ڪوئي به- جيڪي به
Who everجوبه-
ڪير به
What everجيڪو- جيڪو به
Which everجيڪو به- ڪهڙو به
Example:
1.
Whoso says wrong?
2.
Whose ever loves him self is able to love others.
3.
Who ever hates
become failures.
4.
Which ever you like I can buy you.
5.
What ever sanam said was the truth.
REFLECXIVE
PRONOUN
Those pronouns in which the
action done by the subject trun back up on it.
ضمير مشترڪ: اهڙا فاعل جن جو ڪم يا عمل انهن تي ٻئي اثر انداز ٿيندو آهي ان کي
ضمير مشترڪ چئبو آهي.
FORMATION OF REFLEXIVE PRONOUN
SINGULAR
My myself
Him himself
Her herself
It itself
Your yourself
PLURAL
Yours yourselves
They themselves
Our ourselves
USAGE OF REFLEXIVE PRONOUN:
1. I did it
myself.
2. He did it
himself.
3. She did it
herself.
4. It did it
itself.
5. You did it
yourself.
6. We did it ourselves.
7. You did it
yourselves.
8. They did it themselves.
DISTRIBUTIVE PRONOUN
The pronoun which shows that the persons or things are
taken singly or in separate groups is called Distributive Pronoun.
ضمير
تــقسيم: اهي ضمير جيڪي ڏيکارن ته شيون يا شخص الڳ الڳ ڪري گروهن ۾ ڏيکاريا وڃن تن
کي ضمير تــقسيم چئبو آهي.
Each هرهڪ- هڪ
Either ڪوئي به هڪ
Neither ڪو به نه
Usage of Each:
Each of you
are my friends.
Each of them
was not present here.
Each of
those girls was graceful.
Usage of Either:
Either of
teachers can teach me.
Either of these girls can sing
today.
Either of us has teased him.
Usage of Neither:
Neither of
these two boys is my son.
Neither of
them is sanam.
Neither of you
is hard working.
RECIPROCAL PRONOUN
Such a word which show mutual action of two or more than
two subjects and react on each other are called Reciprocal Pronoun.
ضمير
مبادله : اهڙا لفظ جيڪي ٻن يا ٻن کان وڌيڪ فاعلن جي ڪم يا عملن کي ظاهر ڪن تن کي
ضمير مبادله چئبو آهي.
Example: Each other
One an other.
Usage of Each other:
Both the
wife and the husband would love each other.
They pray
for each other.
Use of one an other:
They all
were looking for one an other in jungle.
The kids
were kissing one an other in school when they were going to be separate from
one an other.
ADJECTIVE
Actually the word Adjective means the praise and this word
has been taken from the word of (Latin) language Adjective there fore it is used
to add some thing to the meaning a noun or a pronoun in the sentence.
صفت: اصل
۾ لفظ صفت جو مطلب آهي تعريف يا ساراهه جو ۽ هي لفظ لاطيني ٻوليءَ جي مان ورتو ويو
آهي ۽ اهو جملي ۾ ڪنهن اسم يا ضمير جي گڻ يا اوگڻ کي ظاهرAdjicare
لفظ
ظاهر
ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي.
Example: good, nice, beautiful, ugly,
bad etc.
KINDS OF ADJECTIVES
There are eight kinds of Adjective:
1. ADJECTIVE OF
QUALITY
2. ADJECTIVE OF
QUANTIYY
3. NUMARAL ADJECTIVE
4. DISTRIBUTIVE
ADJECTIVE
5. DEMONSTRATIVE
ADJECTIVE
6. PROPER
ADJECTIVE
7. INTERROGATIVE
ADJECTIVE
8. POSSESSIVE
ADJECTIVE
ADJECTIVE OF QUALITY
It shows the kind and state of a noun a persona place or
a thing or a pronoun is called Adjective of Quality.
صفت
وصفي: هي صفت اسم يا ضمير جي خاصيت، رنگ روپ قد ڪاٺ، سٺائي ۽ خرابي بيان ڪندي آهي.
Example: Rabia is a beautiful
baby.
She is tall.
Aslam is a black
boy.
You are lazy.
I am rich.
They are poor.
ADJECTIVE OF QUANTITY
It shows the Quantity of a thing material or abs trace
only is called Adjective of Quantity.
ضمير
مقداري: اهڙا لفظ جيڪي ڪنهن به اسم يا ضمير جي مقدار يا انداز کي واضع ڪن تن کي صفت
مقداري چئبو آهي.
Example: We eat some fruit
daily.
She has come
here several times.
I can give
them all of their things.
Whole the
day she was busy.
NUMERAL ADJECTIVE
It shows how many and in what order a noun is taken is
called Numeral Adjective.
صفت
عددي: اهڙي صفت جيڪا اسم يا ضمير جي تعدادکي ظاهر ڪن تن کي صفتعددي چئبو آهي.
Example: One man was on the
roof.
Two
young girls were blind.
There are thirty
girls in school.
Come with in ten minutes.
THERE ARE TWO KINDS OF NUMERAL ADJECTIVE
1.
Definite Adjective of number
2.
Indefinite Adjective of number
DEFINITE ADJECTIVE OF NUMBER
Definitive numeral Adjective
صفت عدد
معين: هن کي سنڌي ۾ صفت عددد معين چئبو آهي، ۽ هي ڪنهن به شيءِ جو صحيح ۽ واضع
تعداد ڏيکاريندو آهي.
Example: one, two, three, four, first,
second, third, fourth etc.
INDIFINITE NUMERAL ADJECTIVE
صفت
عددي غير معين: هي عدد يا لفظ شين جو مڪمل تعداد نه ڏيکاريندا آهن.
Example: Any one, much many, all the
study, some milk, many people, several times.
PRORER ADJECTIVE
Adjective which formed from proper noun is called Proper
Adjective.
صفت
خالص: اهڙي صفت جيڪا ڪنهن خاص نالي يا اسم مان ٺاهيا وڃن تن کي صفت خالص چئبو آهي.
Example:
PROPER
NOUN PRONOUN
ADJECTIVE
Pakistan Pakistani
Asia Asian
America American
China Chinese
Japan Japanese
Iran Iranian
DEMONSTRATIVE
ADJECTIVE
This Adjective which point out to a noun, person or thing
is called Demonstrative Adjective.
صفت
اشارو: صفت اشاري کان فورن بعد اسم رکيو ويندو آهي جڏهن ته ضمير اشاري کان
فورن بعد فعل رکيو ويندو آهي. this, these, that
Example: This, that, these, those
INTERROGATIVE
ADJECTIVE
The Adjective which are used to
ask Questions are called Interrogative Adjective.
صفت استفهام: اهڙا صفت جيڪي اڪثر سوال پڇڻ جي ڪم اچن تن کي صفت استفهام چئبو
آهي.
Example: Which,
what, whose.
1.
Which pen is your’s?
2.
What reason can be of them?
3.
Whose pen is pink?
DISTRUBATIVE
ADJECTIVE
The Adjective which show that
the persons, things or places used in a sentence taken singly or separately are
called Distributive Adjective.
صفت تقسيم: اهڙا لفظ جيڪي ڪن به شين جي تقسيم يا ورهاست ڏيکارين تن کي صفت تقسيم
چئبو آهي.
Example: Every,
Each, Either, and Neither.
1. Every
teacher should work hard.
2. Each girl
was busy in reading.
3. Either
man will come to us today.
4. Neither
boy is intelligent here.
POSSESIVE
ADJECTIVE
Such a word which are noun in
the sentence with noun are called Possessive Adjective.
صفت اضافت: اهرا لفظ جيڪي اسان
ڪنهن شيءِ جي مالڪي ڏيکارڻ لاءِ جملي ۾ اسم سان گڏ استعمال ٿين تن کي صفت اضافت
چئبو آهي.
Example: my,
our, your, his, her, its, their.
VERB
A word which shows the action
is called Verb.
فعل هڪ اهو لفظ آهي جيڪو اسان
کي ٻڌائي سگهي ته فاعل ڇا آهي يا فاعل ڪٿي آهي.
Example: eat,
write, go, play, accept etc.
KINDS
OF VERBS
There are two kinds of Verb.
1. Main
Verb
2. Auxiliary
Verb
MAIN
VERB
A word which shows the action of
any person is called the Main Verb.
مکيه فعل: اهو لفظ جيڪو ڪنهن ماڻهو جي ڪنهن ڪم ياعمل کي ظاهر ڪري ان کي مکيه
فعل چئبو آهي.
NOTE: There
are two kinds of Main Verb.
1. Transitive
Verb
2. Intransitive
Verb
TRANSITIVE
VERB
A transitive verb is a verb
that denotes an action which passes over from does subject to an object.
فعل متعدي: متعدي جي لفظي معنٰي آهي وڌندڙ يا اثر ڪندڙ هڪ اهڙو فعل جيڪو جملي
۾ پاڻ سان گڏ فاعل ۽ مفعول کي کڻي ان کي فعل متعدي چئبو آهي.
Example: He
sings English song.
We drive a car.
نوٽ: مٿين
جملن ۾ فعل پاڻ سان گڏ مفعول کنيان آهن تنهنڪري هو فعل متعدي آهي.
INTRASITIVE
VERB
An Intransitive Verb is a verb
that denotes an action which does not pass over to an object.
فعل لازمي: اهڙو فعل جيڪو فاعل سان گڌجي ڪو جملو ٺاهڻ جي سگهه رکي ۽ پاڻ سان
مفعول کڻڻ جي ضرورت محسوس نه ڪري ان کي فعل لازمي چئبو آهي.
Example:
I run.
We smile.
نوٽ: پر ڪڏهن ڪڏهن فعل لازميپاڻ سان گڏ حرف جر جو مفعول کڻندو آهي.
Example: I
put the books on the table.
AUXILARY
VERB
Such words which are used with
the Main Verb as the helping and generally help us to form interrogative
sentences are called Auxiliary Verb.
مددگار فعل: اهڙا لفظ جيڪي جملن ۾ مکيه فعل سان گڏ بطور مددگار فعل استعمال ڪيا
ويندا آهن ۽ خاص ڪري اسان جي سوالي جملن ٺاهڻ ۾ مدد ڪري ان کي مددگار فعل چئبو آهي.
I shall write a letter.
I am going to city.
I was doing work.
I am young boy.
VERB
It shows time, manner, reason,
affirmation or negation of verb is called Adverb.
ظرف: اهو جيڪو فعل جو وقت، انداز، هاڪار ۽ ناڪار کي ظاهر ڪري تنهن کي ظرف چئبو
آهي.
Example:
Time: Today, tonight, tomorrow
Manner: Quickly,
fastly, slowly
Reason:
here, there, where
Affirmation: yes,
yah
Negation: No,
not
KINDS
OF ADVERB
1.
ADVERB OF TIME
2.
ADVERB OF PLACE
3.
ADVERB OF NUMBER
4.
INTERROGATIVE ADVERB
5.
RELATIVE ADVERB
6.
ADVERB OF DEGREE
7.
ADVERB OF MANNER
8.
ADVERB OF NEGATION AND AFFIRMATION
ADVERB
OF TIME
Such a
word which shows the time in sentence is called Adverb of time.
ظرف زمان: اهڙا ظرف جيڪي جملي ۾
ڪنهن ڪم جي ٿيڻ جو وقت بيان ڪن تن کي ظرف زمان چئبو آهي.
Example: I
phoned him Now.
She went to Karachi Yesterday.
I am very happy today.
ADVERB
OF PLACE
Such a word which shows in the
sentence place is called Adverb of place.
ظرف مڪان: اهڙا ظرف جيڪي جملي ۾ ڪنهن جڳهه کي ظاهر ڪن تن کي ظرف مڪان چئبو آهي.
Example: He
comes here.
They were inside the room.
Every where you will find
God.
ADVERB
OF NUMBER
Such a word which show how
often and number in the sentence are called Adverb of Number.
ظرف تعداد: اهڙا لفظ جيڪي جملي ۾ ڪنهن شيءِ جي ڳڻپ ٻڌائيندا آهن تن کي ظرف تعداد
چئبو آهي.
Example:
1. I have
never distance the Larkana city.
2. She
brushes her teeth twise a day.
3. he
seldom comes on his duty.
ADVERB
OF MANNER
They show how or in what
manner any thing or any place or any person are called Adverb of manner.
ظرف تميز- قدر: اهڙا ظرف جيڪي جملي ۾ ڪنهن ماڻهوءَ يا شيءِ جي قدر کي بيان ڪن
تن کي ظرف تميز چئبو آهي.
Example: He
told the entire story clearly.
He left each other happily.
She did the work but lazily.
ADVERB
OF NEGATION AND AFFIRMATION
They show Negation and Affirmation of facts is
called Adverb of Negation and Affirmation.
Example: I don’t know you.
He certainly wants to meet you.
Surely you are mistake.
ADVERB OF DEGREE
They show how much or in what degree
or to what extent are called Adverb of Degree.
ظرف مقدار: اهڙا ظرف جيڪي جملي ۾ ڪنهن به صفت يا فعل جي مقدار انداز حد يا
درجي کي ظاهر ڪن انهن کي ظرف مقدار چئبو آهي.
Example: It
is nearly like you.
It was partly better.
He is almost lazy.
You are very good people.
INTERROGATIVE
ADVERB
When Adverbs are used in
asking Questions they are called Interrogative Adverb.
ضمير استفهام: اهڙا لفظ جيڪي جملي ۾ سوال پڇڻ جي ڪم اچن تن کي ظرف استفهام
چئبو آهي.
Example:
How long
have you been in Sukkur city?
How
do you do?
Why do you like her?
When do they start their work.
RELATIVE
ADVERB
When
an Adverb relates or refers back to its antecedents it is called Relative
Adverb.
ظرف موصول: اهڙا لفظ جيڪي هڪ
جملي کي ملائن تن کي ظرف موصول چئبو آهي.
Example: Where,
Why, Where, Whereas
PREPOSITION
Preposition
is a word which shows relation between noun and pronoun is called Preposition.
حرف جر: اهڙا لفظ جيڪي انگريز ي
ٻوليءَ جي جملي ۾ ڪنهن اسم يا ضمير جي اڳيان اچِي هڪ اسم ضمير جو تعلق پئي اسم يا
ضمير سان تعلق ڏيکارين تن کي حرف جر چئبو آهي.
Example: I am
in my office.
He is flying a kite on the roof.
Sanam is singing songs with
her sister.
Your picture was over the tube light.
LIST
OF PREPOSITION
To between
At among
On about
In about
Over beneath
Up bellow
Of into
After inside
Out outside
For before
Under beside
With behind
Through within
From beyond
Since across
For along
Above
CONJUCTION
Conjunction is a word which
joins two words two parts two sentences are is called Conjunction.
حرف جملو: اهڙو لفظ جيڪو ٻن لفظن ٻن حصن ۽ ٻن جملن کي پاڻ ۾ ملائي تن کي حرف جملو
چئبو آهي.
Example: and, as well, because,
but
KINDS
OF CONJUNCTION
THERE ARE TWO KINDS OF
CONJUNCTION.
1. CO-ORDINATING
CONJUNCTION
2. SUB-ORDINATING
CONJUNTION
CO-ORDINATING
CONJUNCTIO
Such conjunction which usually
connect/join two Similar or Independent sentences are called Co-ordinating Conjunction.
ملائيندڙ حرف جملا: اهڙا حرف جملا جيڪي هڪ جهڙن يا خود مختيار جملن کي پاڻ ۾
ملائن تن کي ملائيندڙ حرف جملو چئبو آهي.
Example: but, each other,
whereas
1. We
waited for him but his brother did not wait for him.
2. You,
they and we are brothers to each other.
3. I
shall be busy tomorrow whereas he will be totally free tomorrow.
SUB-ORDINATING
CUNJUNCTION
Such conjunctions which join
or connect the dependant clause to an independent clause are called Sub-Ordinating
Conjunction.
چئبو آهي.Sub-Ordinatingجيڪي هڪ ماتحت جملن سان ملائين تن کي
وصف:
Example:
1. She fears so that her
father may scold her.
2. I
enjoy when it rains.
3.
She can help me if you say to her.
INTERJECTION
An Interjection is a word
which shows Exclamation is called Interjection.
حرف ندا: اهڙا لفظ جيڪي جملن ۾ ذهن جي ڪجهه اچنڪ جذبات يا محسوس کي واضع ڪن تن
کي حرف ندا چئبو آهي.
نوٽ: حرف ندا اڪثر ڪري جملن ۾ غم ارمان خوشي خواهش يا تعجب کي ظاهر ڪندو آهي.
Example:
Alas, ah, hurrah, huzza
Sorrows
1. Alas! I
lost my life.
2. Ah! why
it happened.
3. Alas! she
died in her youth.
Happiness/Joy
1. Hurrah! I have
got my work done by rabi.
2. Huzzah! He
said to me you are right.
3. Aha! You
won the race.
Desire
1. Would
that you were my friend.
2. Would
that I was an engineer.
Exclamation
1. What a
nice man you are!
2. How beautiful
she was!
DEGREES
OF ADJECTIVE
There are three degrees
of Adjective.
1.
Positive Degree صفت
خالص
2.
Comparative Degree صفت تفصيل
3.
Superlative Degree صفت
مبالغو
POSITIVE
DEGREE
A degree which shows simply noun and pronoun are called Positive
Degree.
صفت خالص:
اهڙا صفت جيڪي جملن ۾ ڪنهن به اسم يا ڪنهن به ضمير جي سٺائي يا برائي کي واضع ڪن ۽
ڪنهن به ٻئي اسم يا ضمير سان ڀيٽ نه ڏيکارين انهن کي صفت خالص چئبو آهي.
Example: My brother is thin.
I am lazy.
You are a bold man.
نوٽ:مٿين
جملن ۾هيٺيان لڪير ڏنل لفظ صفت خالص آهن.
COMPARATIVE
DEGREE
A
Degree which shows Compression one thing to other is called Comparative Degree.
هي صفت
جملي ۾ ڪن به ٻن اسمن يا ضميرن جي وچ ۾ ڀيٽ ڏيکاريندا آهن.
Example: Ali is thinner is than my brother.
Waseem was cleverer than me.
She
is bolder than you.
SUPERLATIVE
DEGREE
A
Degree which shows domination one thing to all is called Superlative Degree.
صفت
مبالغو: اها صفت جيڪي هڪ شيءِ جو مقابلو سڀن شين سان ڏيکاري تنهن کي صفت مبالغو چئبو
آهي.
Example: He is most intelligent of the entire
class.
Ali is thinnest
is than my brother.
Waseem is cleverest
then me.
SYLLABLE
THERE ARE THREE KINDS OF SYLLABLE SYLLABLE:
The words we read in the sentences have got one, two,
three, four or five parts and such parts of the words is called Syllable.
ROLE #
1
MONO SYLLABLE: هڪ بد
وارا لفظ
Example: fast, hard, sharp etc.
۽
er ڪرڻ
لاء comparativeاهڙا لفظ جيڪي هڪ پد وارا هجن ته انهن جي
استعمال
ڪبي.est ڪرڻ لاءِ Superlative
Example:
Fast Faster Fastest
Sharp Sharper Sharpest
Hard Harder Hardest
Old Older Oldest
Cool Cooler Coolest
ROLE #
2
Di/Ti SYLLABLE ٻن پدن يا ٽن پدن وارا لفظ
۽ more ڪرڻ لاءِ comparative اهڙا لفظ جيڪي ٻن لفظن يا ٽن پدن جا هجن انهن جي
استعمال
ڪبي آهي.Most ڪرڻ لاءِSuperlative
Example: careful
more careful most careful
Beautiful more
beautiful most
beautiful
ROLE #
3
اکرموجود
هجي ته صفت تفصيل بڻائڻ لاءِصفت (E)جيڪڏهن صفت خالص ۾ پهريائين
جوڙي ويندي آهي. (St) ۽ صت مبالغو بڻائڻ لاءِبنائڻ لاءِ (R) خالص جي پويان فقط
Example: Large larger largest
Able abler ablest
White whiter whitest
Wise wiser wisest
True truer truest
Fine finer finest
نوٽ: جيڪڏهن
ڪو به صفت خالص هڪ پد وارو هوندو آهي ۽
اهو ڪنهن حرف تي ختم ٿيندو. ۽ ان کان اڳ
۾ ڪوئي حرف علت اکر هوندو ته(Consonant)صحيح اکر يعني
ملائي ان جي حرف صحيح اکر ٻيڻو ڪيو ويندو آهي. (est) ۽ (er)
ROLE #
4
اکر تي
ختم ٿي ۽ ان کان اڳ ان صفت ۾ حرف(y)جيڪڏهن هن ڪوئي صفت خالص
جو
اضافو ڪري صفت تفصيل بڻايو ويندو آهي۽ (er)
۾ تبديلي ڪري ان ۾ (I) کي (y) صحيح
هجي ته
ملائي ڪري صفت
مبالغو بڻايو ويندو آهي.(est)
Example: Early earlier earliest
Lazy lazier laziest
Busy busier busiest
Happy happier happiest
REGULAR/WEAK
VERBS__ AND IRREGULAR/STRONG VERBS
Regular/Weak verbs فعل باقاعده
Weak verbs are those verbs which form their past tense by
adding ed_ d or rt to present fist form without or with any inside change the vowels.
ٻئين
ٽئين حالت بڻائي ان کي ed يا d ۾ fist
form فعل باقائده : اهڙا فعل جيڪي پنهنجي پهرين حالت
فعل
باقاعده چئبو آهي.
Example:
cook cooked cooked
Start started started
Touch touched touched
Work worked worked
Call called
called
Irregular/strong
Verb فعل بي قاعده
Strong Verbs are those verbs which form their past tense
by changing the vowel in the body of
Present tense without adding an ending.
فاعل
بي قائده : اهڙا فعل جيڪي پنهنجي ٻئين ۽
ٽئين صورت بدلائڻ ۾ ڪو قائدو يا قانون نه رکن ان کي فعل بي قائدي چئبو آهي.
Example:
Awoke awake awoken
Bring brought brought
Drink drank drunk
See saw seen
ARTICLE
There are two kinds of Article:
1.
Definite Article
2.
Indefinite Article
DEFINITE
ARTICLE
It is only ‘the” one which is used to particularize a
common word.
آهي جيڪو اسم
عام کي اسم خاص بڻائي ٿو.‘the”اهو هڪڙو ئي
Example: The man, the boy, the teacher etc.
INDEFINITE
ARTICLE (a), (an)
) اتي استعمال ڪبو آهي
جتي الف جو آواز نه نڪري.a(
) اتي استعمال ڪبو آهي جتي الف جو آواز نڪري.an(
CASES
OF NOUN
There are four cases of Noun.
1.
The Nominative case حالت فاعلي
2.
The Objective case حالت
مفعولي
3.
The Possessive case حالت اضافت
4.
The Vocative caseحالت ندا
1. THE NOMINATIVE CASE: When a
Noun is used as a subject in the sentence is calle Nominative case.
Example: Tanveer Ahmed runs very fast.
2.THE OBJECTIVE CASE: When a
Noun is used as object to (i) a Verb or a Preposition a Participle it is case
is said to be Objective case.
Example: Ali lives in a city.
Ali eats a
mango.
He went to
school.
Which
beating Saleem.
3.
THE POSSESSIVE CASE: When Noun is used to show possession
it said to be in the Possessive case.
Example: girls be attentive.
The case of Noun girls is Akram’s
house in Latif abad.
4.
VOCATIVE CASE: When a Noun is used in a sentence to
address some one the case of that Noun is said to be Vocative Case.
Example: girls be attentive.
NOTE: The case of Noun girls is vocative because they are
addressed to.
MOODS
OF VERB
There are four kinds of moods:
1.
Indicative Mood بياني
2.
Imperative mood امري
3.
Infinitive Moodمصدري
4.
Subjunctive Mood شرطي
1. Indicative Mood: The Indicative Mood is
used to make statement of facts or to ask a Question to express supposition which
assumed as facts is called Indicative Mood.
Example: She goes to school daily.
Did you go
to school?
It rains, I
shall stay at home.
2. Imperative mood: The Imperative mood is
used to express a command or an exhortation or entreaty or Request is called
Imperative mood.
Example:
Command:
Wait here. Shut up.
Exhortation:
Take care of your health. Never fell a lie. Successful in
life.
Entreaty request
of prayer:
Take pity on me. Let me go. May
God bless.
3.
Infinitive Mood: The
Infinitive Mood is used to name on action.
Example:
I drink wine is against Islam.
He wants to live in Hyderabad.
I saw him weep.
They watched him die.
He made us laugh.
4.
Subjunctive Mood: The
subjective mood is used to express a wish or desire or express a purpose or
express a condition and its consequences and express a doubt is called Subjunctive
Mood.
Example:
I wish I
were the president of Pakistan.
O, that I
were a bird.
TENSES
PRESENT
INDEFINITE TENSE
زمان حال مطلق
اهڙو فعل
جيڪو صرف حاضر وقت جي معنٰي ڏيکاري تنهن کي زمان حال مطلق چئبو آهي.
Helping Verb: DO and DOES
Sign: ٿو، ٿي، ٿا، ٿيون، دو آهيان، دي
آهيان، دا آهن وغيره
|
DO
|
DOES
|
|
I
|
He
|
|
You
|
She
|
|
We
|
It
|
|
They
|
Singular
|
|
Plural
|
Composition: Composition:
Subject
+ 1st form of + object. Subject + 1st form of + “s” or
“es” object.
جو بياني جملي ۾ اضافو ڪيو ويندو آهي. “es” يا “s” نوٽ:
مثال : آءٌ ڪتاب پڙهان
ٿو.
اسين راڳ ڳايون ٿا.
اسلم پينسل گهري ٿو.
نوٽ:
جيڪڏهن زمان حال مطلق ۾ ڪنهن شيءِ بابت خاطري يا پڪ ڏيکارڻي هجي ته فعل جي
استعمال
ڪندا آهيون.Do اڳيان
PAST INDEFINITE TENSE
زمان ماضي مطلق
اهو فعل جيڪو صرف گزريل وقت جي معنٰي ڏيکاري تنهن کي زمان ماضي مطلق چئبو آهي.
Helping Verb: DID
Sign: يو، يي، يا، يون، دو هيس، دي هيس، دا هئا،ديون هيون وغيره
Composition: Subject + 2nd form + object.
نوٽ: بياني
جملي ۾ فعل جي ٻئين صورت استعمال ڪئي ويندي آهي ۽ مددي فعل استعمال نه ٿيندو.
in one week you get all tenses which are remaining
thanks regard tanveer ahmed kalwar
donot forget to do like and comment
